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A General Model for the Helical Structure of Geophysical Flows in Channel Bends
Author(s) -
AzpirozZabala M.,
Cartigny M. J. B.,
Sumner E. J.,
Clare M. A.,
Talling P. J.,
Parsons D. R.,
Cooper C.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2017gl075721
Subject(s) - turbidity current , geology , meander (mathematics) , turbidity , flow (mathematics) , stratification (seeds) , geophysics , turbidite , sediment , seafloor spreading , geomorphology , mechanics , geometry , oceanography , physics , sedimentary depositional environment , seed dormancy , mathematics , germination , botany , structural basin , dormancy , biology
Meandering channels formed by geophysical flows (e.g., rivers and seafloor turbidity currents) include the most extensive sediment transport systems on Earth. Previous measurements from rivers show how helical flow at meander bends plays a key role in sediment transport and deposition. Turbidity currents differ from rivers in both density and velocity profiles. These differences, and the lack of field measurements from turbidity currents, have led to multiple models for their helical flow around bends. Here we present the first measurements of helical flow in submarine turbidity currents. These 10 flows lasted for 1–10 days, were up to ~80 m thick, and displayed a consistent helical structure. This structure comprised two vertically stacked cells, with the bottom cell rotating in the opposite direction to helical flow in rivers. Furthermore, we propose a general model that predicts the range of helical flow structures observed in rivers, estuaries, and turbidity currents based on their density stratification.