Premium
The 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Revealed by Kinematic Source Inversion and Seismic Wavefield Simulations: Slow Rupture Propagation on a Geometrically Complex Crustal Fault Network
Author(s) -
Holden C.,
Kaneko Y.,
D'Anastasio E.,
Benites R.,
Fry B.,
Hamling I. J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2017gl075301
Subject(s) - geology , seismology , kinematics , submarine pipeline , subduction , inversion (geology) , slip (aerodynamics) , fault (geology) , waveform , earthquake rupture , seismic moment , strong ground motion , geodesy , ground motion , tectonics , physics , geotechnical engineering , classical mechanics , quantum mechanics , voltage , thermodynamics
The 2016 Kaikōura (New Zealand) earthquake generated large ground motions and resulted in multiple onshore and offshore fault ruptures, a profusion of triggered landslides, and a regional tsunami. Here we examine the rupture evolution using two kinematic modeling techniques based on analysis of local strong‐motion and high‐rate GPS data. Our kinematic models capture a complex pattern of slowly ( V r < 2 km/s) propagating rupture from south to north, with over half of the moment release occurring in the northern source region, mostly on the Kekerengu fault, 60 s after the origin time. Both models indicate rupture reactivation on the Kekerengu fault with the time separation of ~11 s between the start of the original failure and start of the subsequent one. We further conclude that most near‐source waveforms can be explained by slip on the crustal faults, with little (<8%) or no contribution from the subduction interface.