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Using Noble Gas Measurements to Derive Air‐Sea Process Information and Predict Physical Gas Saturations
Author(s) -
Hamme Roberta C.,
Emerson Steven R.,
Severinghaus Jeffrey P.,
Long Matthew C.,
Yashayaev Igor
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2017gl075123
Subject(s) - noble gas , supersaturation , environmental science , bubble , thermodynamics , saturation (graph theory) , atmospheric sciences , mechanics , physics , atomic physics , mathematics , combinatorics
Dissolved gas distributions are important because they influence oceanic habitats and Earth's climate, yet competing controls by biology and physics make gas distributions challenging to predict. Bubble‐mediated gas exchange, temperature change, and varying atmospheric pressure all push gases away from equilibrium. Here we use new noble gas measurements from the Labrador Sea to demonstrate a technique to quantify physical processes. Our analysis shows that water‐mass formation can be represented by a quasi steady state in which bubble fluxes and cooling push gases away from equilibrium balanced by diffusive gas exchange forcing gases toward equilibrium. We quantify the rates of these physical processes from our measurements, allowing direct comparison to gas exchange parameterizations, and predict the physically driven saturation of other gases. This technique produces predictions that reasonably match N 2 /Ar observations and demonstrates that physical processes should force SF 6 to be ∼6% more supersaturated than CFC‐11 and CFC‐12, impacting ventilation age calculations.