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Multiscale Observations of Deep Convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea During Winter 2012–2013 Using Multiple Platforms
Author(s) -
Testor Pierre,
Bosse Anthony,
Houpert Loïc,
Margirier Félix,
Mortier Laurent,
Legoff Hervé,
Dausse Denis,
Labaste Matthieu,
Karstensen Johannes,
Hayes Daniel,
Olita Antonio,
Ribotti Alberto,
Schroeder Katrin,
Chiggiato Jacopo,
Onken Reiner,
Heslop Emma,
Mourre Baptiste,
D'ortenzio Fabrizio,
Mayot Nicolas,
Lavigne Héloise,
de Fommervault Orens,
Coppola Laurent,
Prieur Louis,
Taillandier Vincent,
Durrieu de Madron Xavier,
Bourrin Francois,
Many Gael,
Damien Pierre,
Estournel Claude,
Marsaleix Patrick,
TaupierLetage Isabelle,
Raimbault Patrick,
Waldman Robin,
Bouin MarieNoelle,
Giordani Hervé,
Caniaux Guy,
Somot Samuel,
Ducrocq Véronique,
Conan Pascal
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9291
pISSN - 2169-9275
DOI - 10.1002/2016jc012671
Subject(s) - climatology , convection , thermohaline circulation , argo , geology , oceanography , deep water , water mass , environmental science , meteorology , geography
During winter 2012–2013, open‐ocean deep convection which is a major driver for the thermohaline circulation and ventilation of the ocean, occurred in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) and has been thoroughly documented thanks in particular to the deployment of several gliders, Argo profiling floats, several dedicated ship cruises, and a mooring array during a period of about a year. Thanks to these intense observational efforts, we show that deep convection reached the bottom in winter early in February 2013 in a area of maximum 28 ± 310 9 m 2 . We present new quantitative results with estimates of heat and salt content at the subbasin scale at different time scales (on the seasonal scale to a 10 days basis) through optimal interpolation techniques, and robust estimates of the deep water formation rate of 2.0 ± 0.2 Sv . We provide an overview of the spatiotemporal coverage that has been reached throughout the seasons this year and we highlight some results based on data analysis and numerical modeling that are presented in this special issue. They concern key circulation features for the deep convection and the subsequent bloom such as Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs), the plumes, and symmetric instability at the edge of the deep convection area.