Diurnal Critical Latitude and the Latitude Dependence of Internal Tides, Internal Waves, and Mixing Based on Barcoo Seamount

Vertical mixing is a key issue in ocean circulation modeling today. Mixing, particularly tidal mixing, is poorly represented in ocean and climate models, which generally ignore critical latitude effects. Critical latitude is the latitude where the inertial frequency equals the tidal frequency and differs for each tidal constituent. Critical latitudes strongly influence generation and propagation of internal tides. Using a model, latitude effects on tidal interactions with a seamount were examined by varying the latitude from 20° to 38°, through the range of the diurnal critical latitudes. The diurnal critical latitudes were found to strongly influence propagation of the diurnal internal tides, the magnitude of the semidiurnal tides, the energy in the harmonic and higher frequencies, the barotropic mean flow, and the diffusivities. The strongest effects occurred between the K 1 and O 1 critical latitudes. Here the semidiurnal tides, harmonics, and high frequencies were enhanced, barotropic mean velocities weakened, energy at the harmonics and higher frequencies increased, and diffusivities increased. Spectral techniques indicate that most of these impacts are the result of nonlinear wave‐wave interactions and resonant phenomena with the prominent mechanism harmonic transfers. There was no evidence of parametric subharmonic instabilities. The semidiurnal tides indicated a resonant response at 20°S, which is near the latitude for the combined M 2 and K 1 tidal period, ∼19°S.