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Bio‐optical properties of Arctic drift ice and surface waters north of Svalbard from winter to spring
Author(s) -
Kowalczuk Piotr,
Meler Justyna,
Kauko Hanna M.,
Pavlov Alexey K.,
Zabłocka Monika,
Peeken Ilka,
Dybwad Christine,
Castellani Giulia,
Granskog Mats A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9291
pISSN - 2169-9275
DOI - 10.1002/2016jc012589
Subject(s) - colored dissolved organic matter , sea ice , oceanography , water column , arctic , environmental science , chlorophyll a , ocean color , arctic ice pack , seawater , melt pond , surface water , geology , antarctic sea ice , phytoplankton , chemistry , satellite , physics , biochemistry , organic chemistry , astronomy , environmental engineering , nutrient
We have quantified absorption by CDOM, a CDOM (λ), particulate matter, a p (λ), algal pigments, a ph (λ), and detrital material, a NAP (λ), coincident with chlorophyll a in sea ice and surface waters in winter and spring 2015 in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. The a CDOM (λ) was low in contrast to other regions of the Arctic Ocean, while a p (λ) has the largest contribution to absorption variability in sea ice and surface waters. a p (443) was 1.4–2.8 times and 1.3–1.8 times higher than a CDOM (443) in surface water and sea ice, respectively. a ph (λ) contributed 90% and 81% to a p (λ), in open leads and under‐ice waters column, and much less (53%–74%) in sea ice, respectively. Both a CDOM (λ) and a p (λ) followed closely the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a in sea ice and the water column. We observed a tenfold increase of the chlorophyll a concentration and nearly twofold increase in absorption at 443 nm in sea ice from winter to spring. The a CDOM (λ) dominated the absorption budget in the UV both in sea ice and surface waters. In the visible range, absorption was dominated by a ph (λ), which contributed more than 50% and a CDOM (λ), which contributed 43% to total absorption in water column. Detrital absorption contributed significantly (33%) only in surface ice layer. Algae dynamics explained more than 90% variability in a p (λ) and a ph (λ) in water column, but less than 70% in the sea ice. This study presents detailed absorption budget that is relevant for modeling of radiative transfer and primary production.