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Birkeland current boundary flows
Author(s) -
Archer W. E.,
Knudsen D. J.,
Burchill J. K.,
Jackel B.,
Donovan E.,
Connors M.,
Juusola L.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1002/2016ja023789
Subject(s) - zonal and meridional , geophysics , earth's magnetic field , physics , current (fluid) , substorm , ionosphere , zonal flow (plasma) , meridional flow , quiet , atmospheric sciences , geology , magnetic field , computational physics , plasma , magnetosphere , astronomy , quantum mechanics , tokamak , thermodynamics
Intense zonal ion velocity jets in the northern nightside auroral zone are measured during quiet geomagnetic conditions by the Swarm satellites around 500 km altitude. These velocity jets, exceeding 1 km/s in over 50% of orbits measured, range from 20 to 100 km in meridional thickness and reach a maximum at the boundary between upward and downward field‐aligned current. On average they represent a potential difference of approximately 3 kV between the R1/R2 currents. This boundary also separates different regions of electron temperature and meridional flow and is associated with ion upflows and anisotropic heating. Both dawnward and duskward velocity jets are observed, including some oppositely directed pairs bounding regions of upward field‐aligned current. Coincident ground‐based observations place ion velocity jets adjacent to auroral arcs, embedded in the auroral electrojets. Previous literature has focused on fast flows occurring in regions of relative low conductivity surrounding auroral arcs, typically during geomagnetically active conditions, and does not address the occurrence frequency of these events. We show ion velocity jets to be a persistent and ubiquitous property of the electrodynamics of quiet time R1/R2 current closure near midnight in the winter hemisphere.