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Seismic evidence that black smoker heat flux is influenced by localized magma replenishment and associated increases in crustal permeability
Author(s) -
Arnoux Gillean M.,
Toomey Douglas R.,
Hooft Emilie E. E.,
Wilcock William S. D.,
Morgan Joanna,
Warner Mike,
VanderBeek Brandon P.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2016gl071990
Subject(s) - geology , magma chamber , crust , mid ocean ridge , heat flux , geophysics , petrology , magma , hydrothermal circulation , permeability (electromagnetism) , seismic tomography , seismology , volcano , mantle (geology) , heat transfer , mechanics , physics , membrane , biology , genetics
Hydrothermal circulation at mid‐ocean ridges is responsible for ~25% of Earth's heat flux and controls the thermal and chemical evolution of young oceanic crust. The heat flux of black smoker hydrothermal systems is thought to be primarily controlled by localized magma supply and crustal permeability. Nevertheless, magma chamber characteristics and the nature of crustal permeability beneath such systems remain unclear. Here we apply three‐dimensional full‐waveform inversion to seismic data from the hydrothermally active Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge to image the upper crust in high resolution. We resolve velocity variations directly above the axial magma chamber that correlate with variations in seismicity, black smoker heat flux, and the depth of the axial magmatic system. We conclude that localized magma recharge to the axial magma lens, along with induced seismogenic cracking and increased permeability, influences black smoker heat flux.