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Impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño on the California Current System: Early assessment and comparison to past events
Author(s) -
Jacox Michael G.,
Hazen Elliott L.,
Zaba Katherine D.,
Rudnick Daniel L.,
Edwards Christopher A.,
Moore Andrew M.,
Bograd Steven J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2016gl069716
Subject(s) - upwelling , environmental science , context (archaeology) , oceanography , sea surface temperature , ecosystem , la niña , climatology , biomass (ecology) , phytoplankton , current (fluid) , productivity , global change , climate change , geology , nutrient , ecology , el niño southern oscillation , paleontology , macroeconomics , economics , biology
The 2015–2016 El Niño is by some measures one of the strongest on record, comparable to the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 events that triggered widespread ecosystem change in the northeast Pacific. Here we describe impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño on the California Current System (CCS) and place them in historical context using a regional ocean model and underwater glider observations. Impacts on the physical state of the CCS are weaker than expected based on tropical sea surface temperature anomalies; temperature and density fields reflect persistence of multiyear anomalies more than El Niño. While we anticipate El Niño‐related impacts on spring/summer 2016 productivity to be similarly weak, their combination with preexisting anomalous conditions likely means continued low phytoplankton biomass. This study highlights the need for regional metrics of El Niño's effects and demonstrates the potential to assess these effects before the upwelling season, when altered ecosystem functioning is most apparent.