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Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake
Author(s) -
Floyd Michael A.,
Walters Richard J.,
Elliott John R.,
Funning Gareth J.,
Svarc Jerry L.,
Murray Jessica R.,
Hooper Andy J.,
Larsen Yngvar,
Marinkovic Petar,
Bürgmann Roland,
Johanson Ingrid A.,
Wright Tim J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2016gl069428
Subject(s) - geology , seismology , earthquake rupture , napa , slip (aerodynamics) , fault (geology) , geodesy , shock (circulatory) , geodetic datum , physics , genetics , biology , thermodynamics , medicine
Following earthquakes, faults are often observed to continue slipping aseismically. It has been proposed that this afterslip occurs on parts of the fault with rate‐strengthening friction that are stressed by the main shock, but our understanding has been limited by a lack of immediate, high‐resolution observations. Here we show that the behavior of afterslip following the 2014 South Napa earthquake in California varied over distances of only a few kilometers. This variability cannot be explained by coseismic stress changes alone. We present daily positions from continuous and survey GPS sites that we remeasured within 12 h of the main shock and surface displacements from the new Sentinel‐1 radar mission. This unique geodetic data set constrains the distribution and evolution of coseismic and postseismic fault slip with exceptional resolution in space and time. We suggest that the observed heterogeneity in behavior is caused by lithological controls on the frictional properties of the fault plane.