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Groundwater depletion in Central Mexico: Use of GRACE and InSAR to support water resources management
Author(s) -
Castellazzi Pascal,
Martel Richard,
Rivera Alfonso,
Huang Jianliang,
Pavlic Goran,
Calderhead Angus I.,
Chaussard Estelle,
Garfias Jaime,
Salas Javier
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1002/2015wr018211
Subject(s) - groundwater , interferometric synthetic aperture radar , hydrology (agriculture) , surface water , context (archaeology) , environmental science , water resources , watershed , water resource management , geology , remote sensing , synthetic aperture radar , environmental engineering , ecology , geotechnical engineering , biology , paleontology , machine learning , computer science
Abstract Groundwater deficits occur in several areas of Central Mexico, where water resource assessment is limited by the availability and reliability of field data. In this context, GRACE and InSAR are used to remotely assess groundwater storage loss in one of Mexico's most important watersheds in terms of size and economic activity: the Lerma‐Santiago‐Pacifico (LSP). In situ data and Land Surface Models are used to subtract soil moisture and surface water storage changes from the total water storage change measured by GRACE satellites. As a result, groundwater mass change time‐series are obtained for a 12 years period. ALOS‐PALSAR images acquired from 2007 to 2011 were processed using the SBAS‐InSAR algorithm to reveal areas subject to ground motion related to groundwater over‐exploitation. In the perspective of providing guidance for groundwater management, GRACE and InSAR observations are compared with official water budgets and field observations. InSAR‐derived subsidence mapping generally agrees well with official water budgets, and shows that deficits occur mainly in cities and irrigated agricultural areas. GRACE does not entirely detect the significant groundwater losses largely reported by official water budgets, literature and InSAR observations. The difference is interpreted as returns of wastewater to the groundwater flow systems, which limits the watershed scale groundwater depletion but suggests major impacts on groundwater quality. This phenomenon is enhanced by ground fracturing as noticed in the field. Studying the fate of the extracted groundwater is essential when comparing GRACE data with higher resolution observations, and particularly in the perspective of further InSAR/GRACE combination in hydrogeology.