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A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Author(s) -
MacGregor Joseph A.,
Fahnestock Mark A.,
Catania Ginny A.,
Aschwanden Andy,
Clow Gary D.,
Colgan William T.,
Gogineni S. Prasad,
Morlighem Mathieu,
Nowicki Sophie M. J.,
Paden John D.,
Price Stephen F.,
Seroussi Hélène
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: earth surface
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9011
pISSN - 2169-9003
DOI - 10.1002/2015jf003803
Subject(s) - greenland ice sheet , ice stream , geology , ice sheet , borehole , ice sheet model , thermal , ice divide , basal (medicine) , geophysics , geomorphology , climatology , physical geography , paleontology , geography , meteorology , cryosphere , sea ice , medicine , endocrinology , insulin
Abstract The basal thermal state of an ice sheet (frozen or thawed) is an important control upon its evolution, dynamics, and response to external forcings. However, this state can only be observed directly at sparse boreholes or inferred conclusively from the presence of subglacial lakes. Here we synthesize spatially extensive inferences of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet to better constrain this state. Existing inferences include outputs from the eight thermomechanical ice‐flow models included in the Sea Level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) effort. New remote‐sensing inferences of the basal thermal state are derived from Holocene radiostratigraphy, modern surface velocity, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Both thermomechanical modeling and remote inferences generally agree that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and large portions of the southwestern ice‐drainage systems are thawed at the bed, whereas the bed beneath the central ice divides, particularly their west facing slopes, is frozen. Elsewhere, there is poorer agreement regarding the basal thermal state. Both models and remote inferences rarely represent the borehole‐observed basal thermal state accurately near NorthGRIP and DYE‐3. This synthesis identifies a large portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (about one third by area), where additional observations would most improve knowledge of its overall basal thermal state.