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On the propagation and mode conversion of auroral medium frequency bursts
Author(s) -
Broughton M. C.,
LaBelle J.,
Kim E.H.,
Yoon P. H.,
Johnson J. R.,
Cairns I. H.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1002/2015ja021851
Subject(s) - ionosphere , physics , substorm , computational physics , radio wave , mode (computer interface) , electron density , population , electron , landau damping , atomic physics , plasma , geophysics , magnetosphere , demography , quantum mechanics , sociology , computer science , operating system
Auroral medium frequency (MF) bursts are broadband, impulsive radio emissions associated with local substorm onsets. MF bursts consist of a characteristic fine structure whereby the higher frequencies arrive 10–100 ms before the lower frequencies. LaBelle (2011a) proposed that MF bursts originate as Langmuir/Z mode waves on the topside of the ionosphere that mode‐convert to LO mode waves and propagate to ground level, with the fine structure resulting by propagation delays due to the topside ionospheric density profile. We investigate three aspects of this mechanism. First, full‐wave calculations are used to simulate the MF burst fine structure using a realistic ionospheric density profile. The delay between the highest and lowest frequencies is 21 ms. This value is smaller than the experimentally determined delays of ∼100 ms presented in Bunch and LaBelle (2009), but differences between the topside electron number density profile used in the simulations and the number density profile during disturbed conditions make comparisons only approximate. Second, the Landau damping of Langmuir/Z mode waves on the topside ionosphere is calculated, assuming the electron distribution function consists of a cold background population ( n e 0 ) and a warm secondary population ( n se ). The Landau damping is small when n se / n e 0 = 0.04% (consistent with Maggs and Lotko (1981)) but is significant when n se / n e 0 > 0.4%. Finally, full‐wave calculations are used to determine the mode conversion efficiency from Langmuir/Z mode waves to LO mode waves. These imply that waves would suffer an attenuation of wave energy density of approximately 5–10% if they are generated with their wave vectors in a narrow cone centered around the local magnetic field. Taken together, these calculations suggest that for small values of n se / n e 0 <0.4%, the mechanism proposed by LaBelle (2011a) is a plausible explanation for the origin of MF bursts.