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Cyclone Xaver seen by geodetic observations
Author(s) -
FenoglioMarc L.,
Scharroo R.,
Annunziato A.,
Mendoza L.,
Becker M.,
Lillibridge J.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2015gl065989
Subject(s) - tide gauge , geology , clockwise , geodesy , subsidence , standard deviation , wind speed , geodetic datum , altimeter , surge , cyclone (programming language) , meteorology , tropical cyclone , forcing (mathematics) , sea level , environmental science , climatology , oceanography , amplitude , geomorphology , physics , statistics , mathematics , structural basin , field programmable gate array , computer science , computer hardware , quantum mechanics
Cyclone Xaver pounded the North Sea on 5–6 December 2013 and reached its maximum in the German Bight the second day. Combined geodetic measurements from the SARAL/AltiKa satellite and from a local geodetic network detect cross‐shelf and alongshore variations and loading vertical deformation. The cross‐shelf root‐mean‐square differences between observations and predictions are 30 cm for surge height, 2 m for significant wave height, and 4 m/s for wind speed, with significant biases. The different wind forcing mainly causes the predicted height differences. The smallest standard deviation difference between observed and predicted vertical displacements is from HyFlux2 forced by DWD wind, with a 52% reduction in the standard deviation by subtracting prediction from observations. The GPS network monitors the anticlockwise surge path with maximum land subsidence of 3–5 cm. The tide gauge network monitors both the anticlockwise path of the external wave and the surge associated with strong northwesterly winds.