Premium
Injection of iodine to the stratosphere
Author(s) -
SaizLopez A.,
Baidar S.,
Cuevas C. A.,
Koenig T. K.,
Fernandez R. P.,
Dix B.,
Kinnison D. E.,
Lamarque J.F.,
RodriguezLloveras X.,
Campos T. L.,
Volkamer R.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2015gl064796
Subject(s) - stratosphere , ozone layer , atmospheric sciences , iodine , tropopause , ozone , ozone depletion , environmental science , zenith , outflow , solar zenith angle , climatology , meteorology , chemistry , physics , geology , remote sensing , organic chemistry
We report a new estimation of the injection of iodine into the stratosphere based on novel daytime (solar zenith angle < 45°) aircraft observations in the tropical tropopause layer and a global atmospheric model with the most recent knowledge about iodine photochemistry. The results indicate that significant levels of total reactive iodine (0.25–0.7 parts per trillion by volume), between 2 and 5 times larger than the accepted upper limits, can be injected into the stratosphere via tropical convective outflow. At these iodine levels, modeled iodine catalytic cycles account for up to 30% of the contemporary ozone loss in the tropical lower stratosphere and can exert a stratospheric ozone depletion potential equivalent to, or even larger than, that of very short‐lived bromocarbons. Therefore, we suggest that iodine sources and chemistry need to be considered in assessments of the historical and future evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer.