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Reintroducing radiometric surface temperature into the P enman‐ M onteith formulation
Author(s) -
Mallick Kaniska,
Boegh Eva,
Trebs Ivonne,
Alfieri Joseph G.,
Kustas William P.,
Prueger John H.,
Niyogi Dev,
Das Narendra,
Drewry Darren T.,
Hoffmann Lucien,
Jarvis Andrew J.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1002/2014wr016106
Subject(s) - sensible heat , latent heat , energy balance , eddy covariance , surface (topology) , flux (metallurgy) , planetary boundary layer , relative humidity , heat flux , environmental science , surface energy , humidity , meteorology , mathematics , thermodynamics , boundary layer , physics , chemistry , heat transfer , geometry , ecology , ecosystem , biology , organic chemistry
Here we demonstrate a novel method to physically integrate radiometric surface temperature ( T R ) into the Penman‐Monteith (PM) formulation for estimating the terrestrial sensible and latent heat fluxes ( H and λE ) in the framework of a modified Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC). It combines T R data with standard energy balance closure models for deriving a hybrid scheme that does not require parameterization of the surface (or stomatal) and aerodynamic conductances ( g S and g B ). STIC is formed by the simultaneous solution of four state equations and it uses T R as an additional data source for retrieving the “near surface” moisture availability ( M ) and the Priestley‐Taylor coefficient (α). The performance of STIC is tested using high‐temporal resolution T R observations collected from different international surface energy flux experiments in conjunction with corresponding net radiation ( R N ), ground heat flux ( G ), air temperature ( T A ), and relative humidity ( R H ) measurements. A comparison of the STIC outputs with the eddy covariance measurements of λE and H revealed RMSDs of 7–16% and 40–74% in half‐hourly λE and H estimates. These statistics were 5–13% and 10–44% in daily λE and H . The errors and uncertainties in both surface fluxes are comparable to the models that typically use land surface parameterizations for determining the unobserved components ( g S and g B ) of the surface energy balance models. However, the scheme is simpler, has the capabilities for generating spatially explicit surface energy fluxes and independent of submodels for boundary layer developments.