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Onset of reconnection in the near magnetotail: PIC simulations
Author(s) -
Liu YiHsin,
Birn Joachim,
Daughton William,
Hesse Michael,
Schindler Karl
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1002/2014ja020492
Subject(s) - physics , magnetic reconnection , magnetohydrodynamics , electron , instability , tearing , dissipation , computational physics , mechanics , classical mechanics , plasma , quantum mechanics , thermodynamics
Using 2.5‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations of magnetotail dynamics, we investigate the onset of reconnection in two‐dimensional tail configurations with finite B z . Reconnection onset is preceded by a driven phase, during which magnetic flux is added to the tail at the high‐latitude boundaries, followed by a relaxation phase, during which the configuration continues to respond to the driving. We found a clear distinction between stable and unstable cases, dependent on deformation amplitude and ion/electron mass ratio. The threshold appears consistent with electron tearing. The evolution prior to onset, as well as the evolution of stable cases, are largely independent of the mass ratio, governed by integral flux tube entropy conservation as imposed in MHD. This suggests that ballooning instability in the tail should not be expected prior to the onset of tearing and reconnection. The onset time and other onset properties depend on the mass ratio, consistent with expectations for electron tearing. At onset, we found electron anisotropies T ⊥ / T ∥ = 1.1–1.3, raising growth rates and wave numbers. Our simulations have provided a quantitative onset criterion that is easily evaluated in MHD simulations, provided the spatial resolution is sufficient. The evolution prior to onset and after the formation of a neutral line does not depend on the electron physics, which should permit an approximation by MHD simulations with appropriate dissipation terms.