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Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 3. Modeling
Author(s) -
Lockwood M.,
Owens M. J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1002/2014ja019973
Subject(s) - sunspot , earth's magnetic field , solar wind , flux (metallurgy) , centennial , geology , solar minimum , interplanetary spaceflight , meteorology , physics , atmospheric sciences , geophysics , solar cycle , geography , magnetic field , metallurgy , archaeology , materials science , quantum mechanics
From the variation of near‐Earth interplanetary conditions, reconstructed for the mid‐19 th century to the present day using historic geomagnetic activity observations, Lockwood and Owens (2014) have suggested that Earth remains within a broadened streamer belt during solar cycles when the Open Solar Flux (OSF) is low. From this they propose that the Earth was immersed in almost constant slow solar wind during the Maunder minimum (c. 1650–1710). In this paper, we extend continuity modeling of the OSF to predict the streamer belt width using both group sunspot numbers and corrected international sunspot numbers to quantify the emergence rate of new OSF. The results support the idea that the solar wind at Earth was persistently slow during the Maunder minimum because the streamer belt was broad.