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Testing morphodynamic controls on the location and frequency of river avulsions on fans versus deltas: Huanghe (Yellow River), China
Author(s) -
Ganti Vamsi,
Chu Zhongxin,
Lamb Michael P.,
Nittrouer Jeffrey A.,
Parker Gary
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2014gl061918
Subject(s) - progradation , geology , avulsion , shore , channel (broadcasting) , delta , geomorphology , alluvium , alluvial fan , levee , hydrology (agriculture) , river delta , bathymetry , oceanography , sedimentary depositional environment , geotechnical engineering , engineering , structural basin , aerospace engineering , electrical engineering
A mechanistic understanding of river avulsion location and frequency is needed to predict the growth of alluvial fans and deltas. The Huanghe, China, provides a rare opportunity to test emerging theories because its high sediment load produces regular avulsions at two distinct nodes. Where the river debouches from the Loess Plateau, avulsions occur at an abrupt decrease in bed slope and reoccur at a time interval (607 years) consistent with a channel‐filling timescale set by the superelevation height of the levees. Downstream, natural deltaic avulsions reoccur at a timescale that is fast (7 years) compared to channel‐filling timescale due to large stage‐height variability during floods. Unlike the upstream node, deltaic avulsions cluster at a location influenced by backwater hydrodynamics and show evidence for episodic downstream migration in concert with progradation of the shoreline, providing new expectations for the interplay between avulsion location, frequency, shoreline rugosity, and delta morphology.