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Interannual variability of the Earth's spectral solar reflectance from measurements and simulations
Author(s) -
Jin Zhonghai,
Lukachin Constantin,
Roberts Yolanda,
Wielicki Bruce,
Feldman Daniel,
Collins William
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-8996
pISSN - 2169-897X
DOI - 10.1002/2013jd021056
Subject(s) - environmental science , radiance , satellite , climate model , standard deviation , remote sensing , spatial variability , climatology , atmospheric sciences , meteorology , climate change , geology , geography , engineering , aerospace engineering , oceanography , statistics , mathematics
The mean solar spectral reflectance averaged over large spatiotemporal scales is an important climate benchmark data product proposed for the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory mission. The interannual variability of these reflectances over the ocean is examined through satellite‐measured hyperspectral data and through satellite instrument emulation based on model simulation. Such large domain‐averaged reflectances show small interannual variation, usually under few percent, depending on the latitude region and spatiotemporal scale used for averaging. Although the interannual variation is usually less than the absolute accuracy of model calculation, the model simulated interannual variations are consistent with the measurements because most of the modeling errors in the reflectance averaged in large climate domains are systematic and are canceled out in the interannual difference spectra. The interannual variability is also shown to decrease as the temporal and spatial scales increase. Both the observational data and the model simulations show that the natural variability in the annual mean reflectance is about 50% lower than that in the monthly mean over all spectra. The interannual variability determined from observations in large climate domains also compares favorably with that from the climate Observing System Simulation Experiment based on climate model simulations; both show a standard deviation of less than 1% of the mean reflectance across all spectra for global and annual average over the ocean.