Open AccessLong noncoding RNA s as regulators of cancer immunity
Author(s) -
Denaro Nerina,
Merlano Marco Carlo,
Lo Nigro Cristiana
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
molecular oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.332
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1878-0261
pISSN - 1574-7891
DOI - 10.1002/1878-0261.12413
Subject(s) - biology , immunity , immune system , rna , long non coding rna , acquired immune system , tumor microenvironment , innate immune system , cancer , function (biology) , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , genetics , gene
Long noncoding RNA s (lnc RNA s) are increasingly known to be important in cancer as they directly interact with the cell cycle, proliferation pathways and microbiome balance. Moreover, lnc RNA s regulate the immune system: they do not directly encode proteins of innate or adaptive immunity, but regulate immune cell differentiation and function, such as dendritic cell activity, T cell ratio and metabolism. The result of this complex interaction is that lnc RNA s regulate cancer processes through a complex multimodal system involving immunity, metabolism and infection. The possible functions of lnc RNA s and their roles in the regulation of cancer immunity will be reported and discussed in the present review. Recent studies showed their function as regulators in the tumour microenvironment (TME), epithelial–mesenchymal transition, microbiota, metabolism and immune cell differentiation. However, there is not much knowledge regarding their roles in cancer immunity regulation. Thus, the main aim of this review is to describe lnc RNA s that have specifically been associated with immunity, the immune cycle and the TME.