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Regulation of signal transduction by gangliosides in lipid rafts: focus on GM3 – IR and GM1 – TrkA interactions
Author(s) -
Lunghi Giulia,
Fazzari Maria,
Ciampa Maria Grazia,
Mauri Laura,
Di Biase Erika,
Chiricozzi Elena,
Sonnino Sandro
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1002/1873-3468.14532
Subject(s) - lipid raft , signal transduction , microbiology and biotechnology , tropomyosin receptor kinase a , receptor , neurodegeneration , ganglioside , cell signaling , chemistry , lipid microdomain , biology , biochemistry , membrane , nerve growth factor , medicine , disease
The interactions between gangliosides and proteins belonging to the same or different lipid domains and their influence on physiological and pathological states have been analysed in detail. A well‐known factor impacting on lipid–protein interactions and their biological outcomes is the dynamic composition of plasma membrane. This review focuses on GM1 and GM3 gangliosides because they are an integral part of protein–receptor complexes and dysregulation of their concentration shows a direct correlation with the onset of pathological conditions. We first discuss the interaction between GM3 and insulin receptor in relation to insulin responses, with an increase in GM3 correlating with the onset of metabolic dysfunction. Next, we describe the case of the GM1–TrkA interaction, relevant to nerve‐cell differentiation and homeostasis as deficiency in plasma‐membrane GM1 is known to promote neurodegeneration. These two examples highlight the fact that interactions between gangliosides and receptor proteins within the plasma membrane are crucial in controlling cell signalling and pathophysiological cellular states.