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Restriction point regulation at the crossroads between quiescence and cell proliferation
Author(s) -
Pennycook Betheney R.,
Barr Alexis R.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1002/1873-3468.13867
Subject(s) - restriction point , cyclin dependent kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , cell cycle , retinoblastoma protein , cyclin , biology , kinase , e2f , cell growth , multicellular organism , intracellular , extracellular , cell , phosphorylation , genetics
The coordination of cell proliferation with reversible cell cycle exit into quiescence is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms and for tissue homeostasis in the adult. The decision between quiescence and proliferation occurs at the restriction point, which is widely thought to be located in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, when cells integrate accumulated extracellular and intracellular signals to drive this binary cellular decision. On the molecular level, decision‐making is exerted through the activation of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (Rb) transcriptional repressor to regulate the expression of cell cycle genes. Recently, the classical view of restriction point regulation has been challenged. Here, we review the latest findings on the activation of CDKs, Rb phosphorylation and the nature and position of the restriction point within the cell cycle.