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From clocks to dominoes: lessons on cell cycle remodelling from embryonic stem cells
Author(s) -
Padgett Joe,
Santos Silvia D.M.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1002/1873-3468.13862
Subject(s) - embryonic stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , stem cell , cell cycle , reprogramming , somatic cell , cellular differentiation , cell potency , adult stem cell , cell division , cell , genetics , gene
Cell division is a fundamental cellular process and the evolutionarily conserved networks that control cell division cycles adapt during development, tissue regeneration, cell de‐differentiation and reprogramming, and a variety of pathological conditions. Embryonic development is a prime example of such versatility: fast, clock‐like divisions hallmarking embryonic cells at early developmental stages become slower and controlled during cellular differentiation and lineage specification. In this review, we compare and contrast the unique cell cycle of mouse and human embryonic stem cells with that of early embryonic cells and of differentiated cells. We propose that embryonic stem cells provide an extraordinarily useful model system to understand cell cycle remodelling during embryonic‐to‐somatic transitions. We discuss how cell cycle networks help sustain embryonic stem cell pluripotency and self‐renewal and how they safeguard cell identity and proper cell number in differentiated cells. Finally, we highlight the incredible diversity in cell cycle regulation within mammals and discuss the implications of studying cell cycle remodelling for understanding healthy and disease states.