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Transforming plant biology and breeding with CRISPR /Cas9, Cas12 and Cas13
Author(s) -
Schindele Patrick,
Wolter Felix,
Puchta Holger
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1002/1873-3468.13073
Subject(s) - crispr , biology , genome editing , powdery mildew , cas9 , homologous recombination , guide rna , computational biology , genetics , genome , gene , rna , dna , botany
Currently, biology is revolutionized by ever growing applications of the CRISPR /Cas system. As discussed in this Review, new avenues have opened up for plant research and breeding by the use of the sequence‐specific DN ases Cas9 and Cas12 (formerly named Cpf1) and, more recently, the RN ase Cas13 (formerly named C2c2). Although double strand break‐induced gene editing based on error‐prone nonhomologous end joining has been applied to obtain new traits, such as powdery mildew resistance in wheat or improved pathogen resistance and increased yield in tomato, improved technologies based on CRISPR /Cas for programmed change in plant genomes via homologous recombination have recently been developed. Cas9‐ and Cas12‐ mediated DNA binding is used to develop tools for many useful applications, such as transcriptional regulation or fluorescence‐based imaging of specific chromosomal loci in plant genomes. Cas13 has recently been applied to degrade mRNA s and combat viral RNA replication. By the possibility to address multiple sequences with different guide RNA s and by the simultaneous use of different Cas proteins in a single cell, we should soon be able to achieve complex changes of plant metabolism in a controlled way.