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RNA ‐virus proteases counteracting host innate immunity
Author(s) -
Lei Jian,
Hilgenfeld Rolf
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1002/1873-3468.12827
Subject(s) - innate immune system , biology , proteases , virus , immune system , virology , rna , pattern recognition receptor , host (biology) , picornavirus , interferon , immunity , viral replication , rna virus , rig i , immunology , gene , genetics , enzyme , biochemistry
Virus invasion triggers host immune responses, in particular, innate immune responses. Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns of viruses (such as ds RNA , ss RNA , or viral proteins) released during virus replication are detected by the corresponding pattern‐recognition receptors of the host, and innate immune responses are induced. Through production of type‐I and type‐ III interferons as well as various other cytokines, the host innate immune system forms the frontline to protect host cells and inhibit virus infection. Not surprisingly, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to counter this antiviral system. In this review, we discuss the multiple strategies used by proteases of positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses of the families Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, and Flaviviridae, when counteracting host innate immune responses.