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Development of marine sediment reworker tests with Western Australian species for toxicity assessment of drilling mud
Author(s) -
Tsvetnenko Y. B.,
Black A. J.,
Evans L. H.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
environmental toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.813
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1522-7278
pISSN - 1520-4081
DOI - 10.1002/1522-7278(2000)15:5<540::aid-tox26>3.0.co;2-a
Subject(s) - sediment , bioassay , acute toxicity , drilling fluid , toxicity , environmental chemistry , hexavalent chromium , environmental science , toxicology , drilling , chemistry , biology , ecology , chromium , materials science , paleontology , organic chemistry , metallurgy
Two burrowing species, the estuarine euryhaline amphipod Grandidierella sp. and the marine mollusc Paphies elongata , were used for the development of marine sediment re‐worker toxicity tests. Acute static toxicity tests were performed on these species at 25°C with reference toxicants in a water phase or drilling fluids in a sediment phase. The 96‐h 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of cadmium for Grandidierella sp. was 0.95 mg/L. The mean 10‐d LC 50 of hexavalent chromium for Grandidierella sp. in six independent tests was 1.40 mg/L with a coefficient of variation of 24%. The average 96‐h LC 50 value for P. elongata was 32.1 mg Cr(VI)/L. The 10‐d LC 50 values for Grandidierella sp. exposed to drilling muds based on synthetic paraffin, iso‐olefin, and ester fluids were in the range of 200–1500 mg/kg. The 5‐d LC 50 values of the same paraffin and iso‐olefin drilling muds for P. elongata were greater than 20,000 mg/kg. The high sensitivity and response reproducibility of Grandidierella sp. in toxicity bioassays, under tropical conditions, demonstrated the suitability of this local sediment re‐worker species for drilling mud toxicity testing in Western Australia. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 15: 540–548, 2000