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Robust and cost‐effective capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry interfaces suitable for combination with on‐line analyte preconcentration
Author(s) -
Waterval Joop C. M.,
Bestebreurtje Petra,
Lingeman Henk,
Versluis Cees,
Heck Albert J. R.,
Bult Auke,
Underberg Willy J. M.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
electrophoresis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.666
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1522-2683
pISSN - 0173-0835
DOI - 10.1002/1522-2683(200108)22:13<2701::aid-elps2701>3.0.co;2-3
Subject(s) - analyte , capillary electrophoresis , chromatography , capillary action , analytical chemistry (journal) , mass spectrometry , electrode , chemistry , detection limit , materials science , composite material
This paper describes several successful cost‐effective attempts to couple capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) without make‐up flow or nebulizing gas. An in‐depth analysis of several interfaces using conductive spray tips was performed as well as an easy‐to‐prepare T‐junction with direct electrode contact, the latter being the most robust interface. No coating is necessary and the spray voltage is applied through a gold wire positioned at the gap between the separation and spray capillaries. The T‐junction interface is made by puncturing a small piece of transparent rubber. The on‐line preconcentration CE‐MS system allows immunoassay sensitivity, as is demonstrated by a calibration plot in the picomolar range for angiotensin II and gonadorelin. It also shows good reproducibility and has the ability of excellent automation. The secure electrical contact gives a constant spray quality, even with 100% aqueous separation buffers. The described setup has a wide applicability as is demonstrated by the analysis of larger peptides, such as insulin and cytochrome c. Detailed information is given on critical factors in the preparation of the described interfaces.