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Ultramicroelectrodes: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization
Author(s) -
Zoski Cynthia G.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/1521-4109(200208)14:15/16<1041::aid-elan1041>3.0.co;2-8
Subject(s) - fabrication , characterization (materials science) , nanotechnology , electrochemistry , ultramicroelectrode , materials science , electrode , ring (chemistry) , chemistry , cyclic voltammetry , organic chemistry , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) have led to unprecedented advances in electrochemical studies since their introduction to electroanalytical chemistry about twenty five years ago. During this time, several UME geometries have been reported of which disk, ring, ring‐disk, hemispherical, spherical, and etched (finite cone) UMEs are the most commonly used. In this review, the design and fabrication procedures for each are described. Issues related to UME electrode surface treatment and characterization are also addressed.