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Miniaturized Reference Electrodes Based on Ag/Ag i X Internal Reference Elements. I. Manufacturing and Performance
Author(s) -
Ciobanu Madalina,
Wilburn Jeremy P.,
Buss Nicholas I.,
Ditavong Pouvan,
Lowy Daniel A.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/1521-4109(200208)14:14<989::aid-elan989>3.0.co;2-6
Subject(s) - electrolyte , reference electrode , materials science , dissolution , electrode , aqueous solution , salt (chemistry) , solubility , swelling , polymer , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical engineering , chemistry , composite material , chromatography , engineering , organic chemistry
We report the manufacturing and performance of miniaturized reference electrodes (MREs) of wide applicability, with highly stable potential in both aqueous and organic media, and minimal low sensitivity to Cl − ions (−3.4 mV/log a Cl −) and pH (0.082 mV/pH). These MREs are based on an Ag/Ag i X internal reference element (IRE), where Ag i X is a low solubility silver salt (X=Cl − , SCN − , or $\rm{ {PO}_{4}^{{3 - }} )}$ . IREs are imbedded in a photopolymerized acrylic hydrogel, with no solid salt supply present in the system. Polymer matrices were tested for swelling/dissolution, and for loss of both electrolyte and silver ions. MREs have a potential stability of ±0.5 mV over 30 h, and a low temperature coefficient of 0.15 mV K −1 (in the range of 281.8–298.6 K).