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Enhanced Mass Transport in Voltammetry by Use of Low Frequency Sound. The Relationship Between Sound Intensity and Current Response, Using External Sound Source
Author(s) -
Mikkelsen Øyvind,
Schrøder Knut H.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/1521-4109(200010)12:15<1201::aid-elan1201>3.0.co;2-0
Subject(s) - sound intensity , acoustics , electrode , materials science , chloride , noise (video) , glassy carbon , soundproofing , intensity (physics) , anodic stripping voltammetry , analytical chemistry (journal) , sound (geography) , chemistry , cyclic voltammetry , computer science , electrochemistry , physics , optics , environmental chemistry , artificial intelligence , metallurgy , image (mathematics)
Improvement of the sensitivity in trace analyses of about 300% without any increase in the noise level by use of low frequency sound in stripping voltammetry has been successfully carried out and reported in earlier articles. One problem in the former investigations was that the sound source was placed inside the analytical cell. This is inconvenient and gives a risk for contamination. In this article the sound source has been successfully moved out of the analytical cell. This has been made possible by mounting a loud speaker directly under the analytical cell made of inert plastic material that effectively allows the sound waves to be transferred into the analytic solution. This greatly improves the practical application, and the risk for cell contamination is reduced. The three‐electrode system used in the experiments consist of a silver/silver chloride/saturated silver chloride/saturated potassium chloride reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode, and a mercury or glassy carbon working electrode. The aim of the present work was to investigate how the sound intensity effected the current signal. It was found that a logarithmic increase of the sound intensity resulted in an exponential increase in the current signal. The use of sound exposure to a glassy carbon electrode is also investigated, and results reported show a 60% increase in the current compared to analyses using magnetic stirrer. The standard deviation was found to be 3% for the sound exposed analyses. The enhancement in sensitivity together with the simplicity of using low frequency sound makes this method potentially attractive for use in on‐line instruments.