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Electrochemically Assisted Covalent Modification of Carbon Electrodes
Author(s) -
Downard Alison J.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/1521-4109(200010)12:14<1085::aid-elan1085>3.0.co;2-a
Subject(s) - covalent bond , surface modification , carbon fibers , anhydrous , chemistry , electrode , electron transfer , ether , redox , combinatorial chemistry , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , materials science , composite number , engineering , composite material
A comprehensive review of the methods, scope and applications of electrochemically assisted covalently modified carbon electrodes is presented. Methods involve the oxidation of amines or arylacetates or the reduction of aryl diazonium cations. For these species it is proposed that a radical formed in solution at the carbon surface couples with the surface via a covalent bond to a surface C. In an alternative strategy, oxidation of GC electrodes in anhydrous alcohols is assumed to produce a surface‐based radical which reacts with alcohols giving an ether link with the surface. Some less characterized and/or related methods are also described. A wide range of groups has been covalently linked to carbon surfaces using these methods and further modifications of initially formed monolayers have also been successful. Applications of covalently modified electrodes are reviewed; these range from formation of improved carbon composite materials to preparation of new sensing surfaces and formation of carbon surfaces with controlled structure for studies of electron transfer activity.