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Evaluation of Animal Carcinogenicity Studies: Cochran‐Armitage Trend Test vs. Multiple Contrast Tests
Author(s) -
Hothorn Ludwig A.,
Bretz Frank
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
biometrical journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1521-4036
pISSN - 0323-3847
DOI - 10.1002/1521-4036(200009)42:5<553::aid-bimj553>3.0.co;2-r
Subject(s) - mathematics , statistics , contrast (vision) , linear regression , computer science , artificial intelligence
Typical animal carcinogenicity studies involve the comparison of several dose groups to a negative control. The uncorrected asymptotic Cochran‐Armitage trend test with equally spaced dose scores is the most frequently used test in such set‐ups. However, this test based on a weighted linear regression on proportions. It is well known that the Cochran‐Armitage test lacks in power for other shapes than the assumed linear one. Therefore, dichotomous multiple contrast tests are introduced. These build the maximum over several single contrasts, where each of them is chosen appropriately to cover a specific dose‐response shape. An extensive power study has been conducted to compare multiple contrast tests with the approaches used so far. Crucial results will be presented in this paper. Moreover, exact tests and continuity corrected versions are introduced and compared to the traditional uncorrected approaches regarding size and power behaviour. A trend test for any shape of the dose‐response relationship for either crude tumour rates or mortality‐ adjusted rates based on the simple Poly‐3 transformation is proposed for evaluation of carcinogenicity studies.