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Nitronyl and Imino Nitroxides: Improvement of Ullman's Procedure and Report on a New Efficient Synthetic Route
Author(s) -
Hirel Catherine,
Vostrikova Kira E.,
Pécaut Jacques,
Ovcharenko Victor I.,
Rey Paul
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/1521-3765(20010504)7:9<2007::aid-chem2007>3.0.co;2-7
Subject(s) - yield (engineering) , chemistry , ring (chemistry) , combinatorial chemistry , stereochemistry , scope (computer science) , nitroxide mediated radical polymerization , organic chemistry , polymer , materials science , computer science , radical polymerization , copolymer , metallurgy , programming language
The synthesis of nitronyl and imino nitroxides has been reexamined with the aim of both increasing yields and of offering opportunities for new structures. The conditions for the formation of 2,3‐bis(hydroxyamino)‐2,3‐dimethylbutane, the key intermediate of Ullman's route, have been carefully studied, and a new procedure is proposed, which affords the free base in a very pure form and up to 60 % yield. Full characterization of this intermediate including an X‐ray crystal structure is presented. An alternative synthetic route through 2,3‐diamino‐2,3‐dimethylbutane and the corresponding imidazolidines which bypasses the delicate synthesis of the bis(hydroxyamino) compound is described. It is shown that 3‐chloroperbenzoic acid is an effective oxidant for the transformation of adequately substituted imidazolidines into nitronyl nitroxides, which are obtained in high yield. An illustration of the potentialities of this new route, a new nitronyl nitroxide with two ethyl substituents in positions 4 and 5 of the imidazoline ring, is reported. The scope and limitations of the two routes are discussed.