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Number and arrangement of the red and green visual pigment genes in color‐normal Japanese males
Author(s) -
Ueyama Hisao,
Hayashi Sachiko,
Tanabe Shoko,
Tanaka Yuki,
Hayashi Takaaki,
Deeb Samir S.,
Yamade Shinichi,
Ohkubo Iwao
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
color research and application
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.393
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1520-6378
pISSN - 0361-2317
DOI - 10.1002/1520-6378(2001)26:1+<::aid-col19>3.0.co;2-1
Subject(s) - pigment , gene , biology , visual pigments , genetics , art , botany , visual arts , rhodopsin , retinal
Red and green visual pigment genes were analyzed in color‐normal Japanese males. DNA from 121 males was subjected to PCR‐amplification for the promoter and exon 5 of these genes, and the products were sequenced with a PRISM 310 genetic analyzer (dye terminator). The number of visual pigment genes in each individual was estimated from the peak‐heights of nucleotides on the sequencing electropherograms of the promoter; it was 2 in 46% ( n = 56), 3 in 32% ( n = 39), 4 in 12% ( n = 15), and > 4 in 9% ( n = 11) of the subjects. These numbers were similar to the ratios of green:red pigment genes obtained from the analysis of exon 5, suggesting the presence of a single red gene in each subject, except for one, N22. This subject was estimated to have 3 pigment genes: one red, one green, and one green‐red hybrid. A more detailed analysis indicated that the first gene in N22 was the typical red one, the second gene was the green, and the third gene was the green‐red hybrid. These results suggest that color‐normal Japanese males who possess green‐red hybrid genes are quite rare (<1%). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S84–S88, 2001