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Stability of 1‐naphthalenediazonium ion in solution. Complexation and decomposition of 1‐naphthalene‐ diazonium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of crown ethers and acyclic polyethers in 1,2‐dichloroethane and the gas phase under fast atom bombardment conditions
Author(s) -
Kuokkanen Toivo,
Palokangas Jarmo,
Talvensaari Merja
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of physical organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.325
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1099-1395
pISSN - 0894-3230
DOI - 10.1002/1099-1395(200008)13:8<452::aid-poc254>3.0.co;2-8
Subject(s) - chemistry , 1,2 dichloroethane , tetrafluoroborate , thermal decomposition , 18 crown 6 , adduct , polymer chemistry , inorganic chemistry , dichloroethane , ion , solvent , organic chemistry , catalysis , ionic liquid
The effects of solvent, temperature and pH on the rate of decomposition of uncomplexed 1‐naphthalenediazonium tetrafluoroborate were studied by UV spectrometry. The complexation of the 1‐naphthalenediazonium ion with crown ethers containing 4–10 oxygen atoms and some acyclic polyethers was detected and characterized in the gas phase by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS). In addition, the host–guest complexation and the kinetics of the thermal dediazoniation of 1‐naphthalenediazonium ion in the presence of four crown ethers and two acyclic polyethers were studied in 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) solution at 40 °C by UV spectrometry. All hosts, except 12‐crown‐4, formed 1:1 complexes under FAB conditions. The values of the thermodynamic stability K and the stabilizing ability of the complexation ( k 2 / k 1 ) in DCE were calculated from the kinetic data. The thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities were observed to be greater for the inclusion complex of the1‐naphthalenediazonium ion formed with crown ethers containing at least six oxygen atoms than for the non‐spesific adduct formation formed with 15‐crown‐5. This was also true for tetraglyme, whose chain is too short to be capable of being fully wrapped around the diazonium group as in the complex of PEG 1000. Crown ethers with seven oxygen atoms are the strongest complexing agents for all the aromatic diazonium ions studied, for the 1‐naphthal‐enediazonium ion investigated here and for arenediazonium ions examined earlier. The values of the activation enthalpy Δ H ≠ for the thermal dediazoniation of the uncomplexed salt in both the acidic aqueous solution and DCE were observed to be high, and the corresponding values of activation entropy Δ S ≠ were clearly positive. The results are consistent with a heterolytic S N 1‐like mechanism involving the decomposition of the uncomplexed and complexed 1‐naphthalenediazonium ion into a highly reactive naphthyl cation, followed by fast product‐determining reactions with nucleophiles to give the products. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.