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Speciation of Al III in Blood Serum − The Al III −Citrate−Phosphate Ternary System
Author(s) -
Lakatos Andrea,
Evanics Ferenc,
Dombi György,
Bertani Roberta,
Kiss Tamás
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/1099-0682(200112)2001:12<3079::aid-ejic3079>3.0.co;2-v
Subject(s) - chemistry , ternary operation , phosphate , genetic algorithm , inorganic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , biomineralization , chemical engineering , biochemistry , evolutionary biology , computer science , biology , programming language , engineering
Time‐dependent speciation studies have been carried out on the ternary Al III −citrate (A)−phosphate (B) system in order to clarify the solution state of Al III in blood serum. The potentiometric results indicate that ternary complexes predominate both in freshly prepared mixtures and at equilibrium. The ternary species AlAB and AlABH −1 and the binary species AlAH −1 and AlBH −1 are present at physiological pH. As the solution ages the amount of the trinuclear species [Al 3 (AH −1 ) 3 (OH)] 4− increases at the expense of the mononuclear binary and ternary complexes. 31 P NMR spectra measured at neutral pH provide corroborating evidence of the formation of the ternary complexes AlAB and AlABH −1 and binary species AlBH −1 and Al 2 BH −3 found potentiometrically. Time‐dependent 1 H NMR measurements show that monodentate phosphate can slowly displace citrate from the otherwise very stable structure of the trinuclear species [Al 3 (AH −1 ) 3 (OH)] 4− . At blood serum concentrations [ c (Al III ) = 3 μ M ], Al III is mostly bound to citrate either in binary species or in the ternary species formed with phosphate. However, with increasing Al III concentrations binding to phosphate becomes more important.