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A comparison of the psychological characteristics of smokers, ex‐smokers, and nonsmokers
Author(s) -
Geist Charles R.,
Herrmann Susan Mcnew
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.124
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1097-4679
pISSN - 0021-9762
DOI - 10.1002/1097-4679(199001)46:1<102::aid-jclp2270460116>3.0.co;2-i
Subject(s) - psychology , clinical psychology , physiology , medicine
The present investigation was designed to ascertain differences among smokers ( n = 51), ex‐smokers ( n = 46), and nonsmokers ( n = 138) in self‐control and needs for affiliation, order, and endurance. Ex‐smokers were found to have significantly greater self‐control, as well as considerably higher needs for order and endurance, than smokers or nonsmokers, and a markedly greater need for affiliation than smokers. Furthermore, nonsmokers exhibited significantly more self‐control than smokers. It was concluded that ex‐smokers, rather than being intermediate between smokers and nonsmokers, comprised a distinct group on the scales examined.