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13 C‐NMR study on cure‐accelerated phenol‐formaldehyde resins with carbonates
Author(s) -
Park ByungDae,
Riedl Bernard
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/1097-4628(20000808)77:6<1284::aid-app13>3.0.co;2-k
Subject(s) - magic angle spinning , phenol , carbon 13 nmr , potassium carbonate , propylene carbonate , carbonate , chemistry , phenol formaldehyde resin , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , materials science , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , electrochemistry , electrode
Both liquid‐ and solid‐state carbon‐13–nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C‐NMR) spectroscopies were used to investigate the cure acceleration effects of three carbonates (propylene carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate) on liquid and cured phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resins. The liquid‐phase 13 C‐NMR spectra showed that the cure acceleration mechanism in the propylene carbonate‐added PF resin seemed to be involved in increasing reactivity of the phenol rings, whereas the addition of both sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate into PF resin apparently resulted in the presence of ortho – ortho methylene linkages. Proton spin‐lattice rotating frame relaxation time ( T 1ρ H ) measured by solid‐state 13 C cross polarization/magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy was smaller for the cure‐accelerated PF resins than that of the control PF resin. The result indicated that the cure‐accelerated PF resins are less rigid than the control PF resin. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1284–1293, 2000