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Determination of hypoxic region by hypoxia marker in developing mouse embryos in vivo: A possible signal for vessel development
Author(s) -
Lee You Mie,
Jeong ChulHo,
Koo SunYoung,
Son Myung Jin,
Song Hyun Seok,
Bae SooKyung,
Raleigh James A.,
Chung HaeYoung,
Yoo MiAe,
Kim KyuWon
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/1097-0177(20010201)220:2<175::aid-dvdy1101>3.0.co;2-f
Subject(s) - biology , hypoxia (environmental) , angiogenesis , mesenchyme , microbiology and biotechnology , embryonic stem cell , embryo , organogenesis , embryogenesis , vascular endothelial growth factor , endothelial stem cell , immunology , vasculogenesis , heart development , stem cell , pathology , cancer research , in vitro , genetics , progenitor cell , vegf receptors , medicine , chemistry , organic chemistry , oxygen , gene
Hypoxia is a well‐known signal for angiogenesis, but the recent proposal that hypoxia exists in developing embryonic tissues and that it induces vascular development remains to be proven. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of hypoxia in normal developing embryos by means of a hypoxia marker, pimonidazole, and its associated antibody. Our data clearly show that hypoxia marker immunoreactivity was highly detected in developing neural tubes, heart, and intersomitic mesenchyme at an early stage of organogenesis, suggesting that hypoxia may exist in the early stages of embryo development. We also found that hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were spatiotemporally co‐localized with possible hypoxic regions in embryos. Investigation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) expression provides evidence that endothelial cells proliferate and form the vessels in the hypoxic region in developing organs. Furthermore, we found that hypoxia induced both HIF‐1α and VEGF in F9 embryonic stem and differentiated cells. Thus, we suggest that hypoxia may exist widely in developing embryonic tissues and that it may act as a signal for embryonic blood vessel formation in vivo. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.