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The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. A second look
Author(s) -
Muscat Joshua E.,
Hoffmann Dietrich,
Wynder Ernst L
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/1097-0142(19950515)75:10<2552::aid-cncr2820751023>3.0.co;2-1
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , renal cell carcinoma , confidence interval , incidence (geometry) , epidemiology , body mass index , kidney cancer , carcinoma , physics , optics
Background . From 1973 to 1991, the incidence of kidney cancer in the United States increased by 35.4%. Methods . A multicenter, hospital‐based case—control study was conducted from 1977 to 1993 through an interview of 788 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 779 control subjects. Results . Compared with those who never smoked, the odds ratio (OR) for renal cell carcinoma among current cigarette smokers was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02‐2.0) for men and 1.1 (95% CI 0.7‐1.6) for women. Among men, there was a rising trend in the odds ratios with increasing pack‐years of smoking (P < 0.01) but not with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The OR among those currently smoking nonfilter cigarettes exclusively was 2.4 (95% CI 1.2‐4.9) for men and 2.0 (95% CI 0.4‐11.1) for women. No increased risk was observed among current smokers of filter cigarettes. Among men, the OR associated with chewing tobacco was 3.2 (95% CI 1.1‐8.7). Total alcohol consumption was unrelated to the risk of renal cell carcinoma. A joint effect was observed among subjects with a high body mass index who reported a history of hypertension (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.01‐3.5) for men and 3.2 (95% CI 1.3‐7.7) for women. Conclusion . High body weight and hypertension were related jointly to renal cell carcinoma. Smoking nonfilter cigarettes and long term cigarette smoking (≧30 years) was a predictor for renal cell carcinoma risk in men. No significant association was found between smoking and renal cell carcinoma in women.