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Cyclophosphamide‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis: A review of 100 patients
Author(s) -
Stillwell Thomas J.,
Benson Ralph C.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/1097-0142(19880201)61:3<451::aid-cncr2820610308>3.0.co;2-g
Subject(s) - hemorrhagic cystitis , medicine , microhematuria , cyclophosphamide , urinalysis , cystoscopy , urine cytology , urology , interstitial cystitis , bladder cancer , adverse effect , microscopic hematuria , urine , urinary system , chemotherapy , cancer , kidney , proteinuria
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used intravenously or orally in the treatment of both malignant and nonneoplastic diseases. A known adverse effect of such treatment is hemorrhagic cystitis. A series of 100 patients with hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide was studied. Major symptoms were gross hematuria (78%) and irritative voiding symptoms (45%). Microhematuria developed in 93% of patients. Hemorrhagic cystitis developed at significantly lower doses and shorter durations of therapy in patients treated intravenously than in patients treated orally. Cystectomy was required in nine patients and bladder cancer developed in five. Urine cytologic study, urinalysis, and cystoscopy are important in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic cystitis, and these studies plus periodic excretory urography are important for surveillance. In addition, new methods of protecting against the urotoxicity are available.