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Methods and reproducibility of cardiac/respiratory double‐triggered 1 H‐MR spectroscopy of the human heart
Author(s) -
Felblinger Jacques,
Jung Bruno,
Slotboom Johannes,
Boesch Chris,
Kreis Roland
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199911)42:5<903::aid-mrm10>3.0.co;2-n
Subject(s) - phosphocreatine , reproducibility , creatine , voxel , respiratory system , cardiology , in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy , medicine , magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear medicine , nuclear magnetic resonance , radiology , chemistry , physics , chromatography , energy metabolism
Localized 1 H‐MR spectroscopy is sensitive to motion and has mostly been applied to the brain. For the human heart, cardiac and respiratory motion lead to displacements on the order of the localized voxel and lead to substantial variations of voxel content, lineshape, water suppression, and signal phase and amplitude. Combined respiratory and cardiac double triggering can avoid these complications to a large extent. Three methods of double triggering are evaluated, with reproducibility established in nine subjects for a method based on respiratory modulation of the ECG amplitude and a visual feedback mechanism. Quantitated with respect to water, within‐subject reproducibilities for this setup were 9% for trimethylammonium compounds, 10% for creatine/phosphocreatine, and 13% for lipids. ANOVA showed significant differences between subjects which may relate to natural variability between subjects or exact location within the heart. Unresolved issues for this technique are its susceptibility to precise placement of ECG electrodes and the reasons for failure in 20% of examination. With this technique it is possible to investigate open questions in cardiac pathophysiology, such as the creatine content in chronic heart disease. Variants of this triggering method may also improve cardiovascular MRI methods relying on data acquired in several heartbeats. Magn Reson Med 42:903–910, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.