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Controlled Electrochemical Preparation of Amperometric Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymer Multilayers
Author(s) -
Kranz Christine,
Wohlschläger Heidi,
Schmidt HannsLudwig,
Schuhmann Wolfgang
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199807)10:8<546::aid-elan546>3.0.co;2-#
Subject(s) - amperometry , biosensor , electrochemistry , nanotechnology , materials science , conductive polymer , polymer , electrode , chemistry , composite material
A multilayer sensor architecture is proposed based on the sequential electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole or pyrrole derivatives. This approach allows in principal to tailor the sensor properties like restricted diffusional access for interfering compounds, integration of redox mediators, immobilization of enzymes, predefinition of electron‐transfer pathways. In addition, the sensor fabrication process is totally independent from manual procedures and hence is suitable for mass‐production on wafer level. This multilayer approach is demonstrated using a tyrosinase‐based phenol sensor. On a first thin functionalized polypyrrole layer a redox dye (thionine) is covalently bound in order to prevent electrode fouling caused by polymerized quinoidic species. On top of this layer a second layer of polypyrrole with entrapped tyrosinase is deposited. The properties of the sensor have been optimized with respect of the thickness of the layers, the stability of the electrode and the electron transfer between quinone and electrode surface via the immobilized redox dye.