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Determination of Codeine in Human Plasma and Drug Formulation Using a Chemically Modified Electrode
Author(s) -
Zen JyhMyng,
Chang MingRen,
Chung HsiehHsun,
Shih Ying
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
electroanalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1521-4109
pISSN - 1040-0397
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199807)10:8<536::aid-elan536>3.0.co;2-3
Subject(s) - detection limit , nafion , electrode , flow injection analysis , voltammetry , chemically modified electrode , analytical chemistry (journal) , calibration curve , materials science , chemistry , chromatography , reference electrode , electrochemistry
Both flow injection methodology and square‐wave voltammetry were developed and evaluated for determining codeine in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations using a Nafion/ruthenium oxide pyrochlore chemically modified electrode. Combining the electrocatalytic function of the ruthenium‐oxide pyrochlore with charge‐exclusion and the preconcentration features of Nafion perform well in codeine detection. Compared to a bare glassy carbon electrode, the chemically modified electrode exhibits a shift of the oxidation potential in cathodic direction and a marked enhancement of the current response. A linear calibration plot is obtained over the 0–32 μM range in 0.05 M HClO 4 solution with a detection limit (3σ) of 10 nM in the square‐wave voltammetric method. While, in flow‐injection analysis, a linear calibration plot is obtained over the 0.5–40 μM range with a detection limit of 0.86 ng. Quantitative analysis was performed by the standard addition method for codeine content in human plasma and a commercially available drug.