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Crystallization of Spherical Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Particles
Author(s) -
Teipel Ulrich,
Heintz Thomas,
Krause Horst H.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1521-4087(200004)25:2<81::aid-prep81>3.0.co;2-f
Subject(s) - crystallization , differential scanning calorimetry , dispersion (optics) , emulsion , particle (ecology) , phase (matter) , chemistry , particle size distribution , particle size , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , materials science , chromatography , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , optics , physics , engineering , oceanography , geology
The described process aims to produce spherical ammonium dinitramide (ADN) particles of different sizes with a narrow particle size distribution. The crystallization process presented in this paper consists of two stages. In the first stage, molten ADN is dispersed in a continuous phase in which ADN is insoluble. The droplet size produced can be controlled by varying the amount of mechanical energy supplied to the two‐phase system. In addition to discussing the influence of the different process parameters, such as dispersion rate, dispersion power, emulsification time etc. this paper also reports the influence of emulsifying agents and the rheological behavior of the continuous phase. In the second stage of the process, crystallization of the emulsified ADN droplets to spherical, solid particles is obtained by reducing the temperature of the system. The process described enables production of spherical ammonium dinitramide particles with mean sizes from 10 µm to 600 µm. The product quality of the crystallized ADN, which is also discussed in this paper, was determined using various analysis techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), IR spectroscopy, ion chromatography and laser light diffraction spectrometry.