New ionic polymers by cellulose functionalization

The unique structure and reactivity of cellulose opens up various possibilities for the design of advanced materials based on this biomacromolecule. In the present feature the state of the art of selected cellulose functionalization reactions is discussed adequately considering own research results. In particular, new synthesis paths to ionic cellulosics, both with controlled functionalization patterns and unconventional combinations of different functional groups (hydrophilic‐lipophilic), as well as new synthesis concepts are presented. An important approach to new cellulosics is the reaction via an induced phase separation with solid alkali hydroxide particles. Starting from solutions of cellulose in N , N ‐dimethylacetamide/LiCl or from organo‐soluble cellulose derivatives of different hydrolytic stability dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, subsequent etherification and esterification yield cellulose products of unconventional functionalization patterns and properties. Not only reactions directed towards the hydroxyl groups—the primary reactive sites—is given attention but also nucleophilic displacement reactions at the carbon atoms appear as synthesis tool to new polysaccharide materials.