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Supramolecular Materials: Molecular Packing of Tetranitrotetrapropoxycalix[4]arene in Highly Stable Films with Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Author(s) -
Kenis Paul J. A.,
Noordman Oscar F. J.,
Schönherr Holger,
Kerver Esther G.,
SnellinkRuël Bianca H. M.,
van Hummel Gerrit J.,
Harkema Sybolt,
van der Vorst Cornelis P. J. M.,
Hare Jeff,
Picken Stephen J.,
Engbersen Johan F. J.,
van Hulst Niek F.,
Vancso G. Julius,
Reinhoudt David N.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(19980710)4:7<1225::aid-chem1225>3.0.co;2-6
Subject(s) - second harmonic generation , diffraction , supramolecular chemistry , materials science , nonlinear optical , molecule , nonlinear optics , crystallization , electric field , crystallography , atomic force microscopy , solid state , chemical physics , nonlinear system , optical microscope , sphere packing , molecular dynamics , order (exchange) , nanotechnology , optics , chemistry , computational chemistry , crystal structure , physics , scanning electron microscope , organic chemistry , composite material , laser , quantum mechanics , finance , economics
Crystallization in an electric field leads to highly stable films of tetranitrotetrapropoxycalix[4]arene (shown on the right) with second‐order nonlinear optical properties. The ordered noncentrosymmetric packing of the molecules in these films was elucidated by a combination of X‐ray diffraction, angle‐dependent second‐harmonic generation, and atomic force microscopy, and confirmed by solid‐state molecular dynamics calculations.