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Depression and axis II disorders: Comorbidity and relationship to cooperativeness.
Author(s) -
Lott Vicky M.,
Dunner David L.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
depression and anxiety
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.634
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6394
pISSN - 1091-4269
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1996)4:6<268::aid-da2>3.0.co;2-8
Subject(s) - cooperativeness , temperament and character inventory , dysthymic disorder , personality disorders , psychology , depression (economics) , temperament , harm avoidance , major depressive disorder , clinical psychology , comorbidity , reward dependence , psychiatry , personality , borderline personality disorder , antisocial personality disorder , psychopathy , medicine , poison control , injury prevention , mood , social psychology , environmental health , economics , macroeconomics
The diagnosis of depression and Axis II personality disorders have been found to co‐occur in people, and the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between chronicity of depression and Axis II diagnosis. We assessed for the prevalence of two Axis II disorders, Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Patients who were evaluated in a tertiary care center were diagnosed as having Chronic Major Depressive Disorder (CMDD), Dysthymic disorder (DD), or Acute Major Depressive Disorder (AMDD). We expected the prevalence of Axis II disorders to increase with increasing depression chronicity. Cloninger et al. {1993, Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:975–988; 1994) have proposed that temperament and character factors may be predictors of personality disorders. The instrument originally developed to measure these factors was the Tri‐dimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which was later revised to produce the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). There is evidence that TCI scores help predict the presence of Axis II disorders. We hypothesized that one component of the TCI, cooperativeness, would be lower in CMDD than DD or AMDD, reflecting a relationship between Axis II disorders and chronicity of depression. From our sample, no patients had APD and there was not a significant difference between the number of patients with BPD in each of the depression groups. Furthermore, there was not a significant difference between cooperativeness scores among each of the groups. The implications of these findings are discussed. Depression and Anxiety 4:268–272, 1996/1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.