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Factors associated with depressive symptoms in non‐demented community‐dwelling elderly
Author(s) -
Harwood Dylan G.,
Barker Warren W.,
Ownby Raymond L.,
Mullan Michael,
Duara Ranjan
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199905)14:5<331::aid-gps911>3.0.co;2-8
Subject(s) - marital status , geriatric depression scale , depression (economics) , ethnic group , mood , medicine , gerontology , apolipoprotein e , psychiatry , psychology , demography , clinical psychology , cognition , depressive symptoms , population , disease , environmental health , sociology , anthropology , economics , macroeconomics
Objective We examined the risk for depressive symptoms associated with age, education, ethnicity, gender, marital status, apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE) and memory complaints among non‐demented elderly (≥60 years). Design Cross‐sectional study of geriatric patients recruited from a free memory screening offered to the community. Sample This investigation included 506 community‐residing elderly subjects who were screened for cognitive impairment and classified as non‐demented based on age and education‐adjusted Folstein Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSAdj) scores of 24 or greater. Results The prevalence of significant depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≥12) was 12.1% (N=61). Increased risk for depression was associated with female gender (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.1–4.8; p <0.05), Cuban American ethnicity (OR=4.9; 95% CI=2.3–10.4; p <0.0001) and memory complaints (OR=1.3; 95% CI=1.2–1.4; p <0.0001). The APOE allele frequencies in the current sample were 0.07, 0.80 and 0.13 for the ϵ2, ϵ3 and ϵ4 alleles, respectively. Conclusions The results suggest that signs and symptoms of depression are common among non‐demented elderly subjects in the community. In this study, mood disturbances were associated with Cuban American ethnicity, female gender and more memory complaints. Factors that were not confirmed by this study include age, education, marital status and APOE genotype. The observed APOE ϵ4 allele frequency of 0.13 supports the normal cognitive classification of the sample. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.